It is important to accurately measure hydrocarbon commodities transferred through pipelines or marine terminals at the point where ownership of the commodity is transferred.

Chemometrics, the application of statistics to the field of chemical analysis, is often used in the oil and gas industry to make product quality predictions.

Among the challenges in the global crude oil refining industry are the price volatility of raw materials and the pressure from society to reduce environmental impacts, as well as reduced margins.

In a modern refinery setting, production processes are expected to be streamlined to maximize value from beginning to end.

Over the past few years, the carbon footprint of the transportation industry has drawn attention as an area where much can be done to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

The cooling water system in a refinery consists of four loops that can be operated independently.