Ethers
South America: Venezuela
Fig. 1 illustrates the annual gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation from 2006 to 2011 for Venezuela. High crude oil prices have helped domestic GDP growth, suggesting a healthy economy. ..
South America: Brazil
Brazil’s economic improvement was remarkable over the past decade, following many years of slow growth. On average, the Brazilian gross output of goods and services increased at an annual average..
Asia: India
The Indian economy has come a long way since the 1991 economic reforms. A decade and a half of economic reform and globalization is yielding returns that cut across all income groups. The domestic eco..
Asia: Japan
The Japanese economy showed steady recovery for 2003–2007. However, due to the global recession in late 2008, Japan’s GDP growth decreased to –1% in 2008 and to –5.5% in 2009. Due ..
Europe: United Kingdom
The United Kingdom (UK) is Europe’s fourth largest chemical economy, after Germany, France and Italy. It accounts for 8% of the European Union’s (EU’s) $900 billion overall chemical pro..
Improve integration opportunities for aromatics units—Part 1
An aromatics complex is a combination of processing units that can be used to convert petroleum naphtha and pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) into the basic petrochemical intermediates: benzene, toluene and ..
HP Brief
New fuel standards in the USThe US government recently finalized standards that will increase fuel economy to the equivalent of 54.5 mpg for cars and light-duty trucks by model year 2025. When combine..
Innovation drives new catalyst developments
Future challenges in environment and product specifications involve more sophisticated catalyst systems
Slurry-phase hydrocracking—possible solution to refining margins
Opportunity crudes require more hydrogen addition to upgrade orphan product streams into higher-value ‘clean’ products
Convert bottom-of-the-barrel into diesel and light olefins
Integrating residue hydrocracking operations with advanced fluid catalytic cracking optimizes upgrading of heavy crude oils
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- Solvay uses waste wood to power soda ash and bicarbonate plant in Germany 11/21
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