Many large industrial facilities—including refineries, and chemical and petrochemical plants—are increasingly turning to co-generation for process steam and power production.
Many large industrial facilities—including refineries, and chemical and petrochemical plants—are increasingly turning to co-generation for process steam and power production. Popular for many applications, including the power industry, are combined-cycle units with heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). Many HRSGs operate at high temperatures and pressures, where the harsh conditions can transform seemingly minor chemistry upsets into major problems. Unit outages and employee safety are two primary concerns of poor water/steam chemistry. Online water/steam chemistry monitoring is critical not only for normal chemistry control, but also to detect upsets. However, if samples are not extracted
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