The tightening of environmental norms and emissions specifications provides additional challenges to refining.
The tightening of environmental norms and emissions specifications provides additional challenges to refining. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) 2020 sulfur specifications of bunker fuel oil from 3.5 wt% to 0.5 wt% have made the refining industry reconsider how heavy fractions of crude oil are handled. Typically, the vacuum residue found an easy way out of the refinery through the bunker fuel oil route, and sulfur specifications were met relatively easily by blending an adequate amount of cutter stock.
Generating low-sulfur fuel oil for the shipping industry to meet the sulfur specifications would induce the addition of a residue hydrotreater in the refinery to remove sulfurous
Log in to view this article.
Not Yet A Subscriber? Here are Your Options.
1) Start a FREE TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION and gain access to all articles in the current issue of Hydrocarbon Processing magazine.
2) SUBSCRIBE to Hydrocarbon Processing magazine in print or digital format and gain ACCESS to the current issue as well as to 3 articles from the HP archives per month. $409 for an annual subscription*.
3) Start a FULL ACCESS PLAN SUBSCRIPTION and regain ACCESS to this article, the current issue, all past issues in the HP Archive, the HP Process Handbooks, HP Market Data, and more. $1,995 for an annual subscription. For information about group rates or multi-year terms, contact email Peter Ramsay or call +44 20 3409 2240*.
*Access will be granted the next business day.