The success of revamps is driven by accurate front-end process design. Performing feasibility studies controls cost estimates and ensures meeting goals for upgrades
In mid-2006, the US EPA rules mandate a maximum sulfur content of 15 wppm for onroad diesel ? ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD). Coinciding with the new EPA regulations, the industry is also driven to improve profitability and limit capital expenditures by maximizing usage of existing assets. Consequently, most refiners are considering revamps to existing hydrotreating (HDS) units to meet these new regulations. According to various industry sources, 75 ? 80% of all ULSD compliance-driven US refinery projects will be hydrotreating facility revamps.
Preparation is key. Most refiners implement major capital projects within the framework of a front-end loaded (FEL) or staged-and -gated-projec
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