Pramanik, R.
Contributing Editor, New Delhi, India
has more than 35 yr of experience in working with Engineers India Ltd., Bechtel, Foster Wheeler and Fluor Daniel in the design and engineering of heat transfer equipment in the oil and gas, petrochemical, LNG, fertilizer, chemical and power sectors. Presently, he is working as an independent consultant.
Electric heaters are used in the process industries as an alternative to fired heaters or process heaters—where the heating medium is either steam or any heating fluid—for some specific applications where the process duties are low but fluids are heated to high temperature.
One of the challenges in the operation of air cooled heat exchangers (ACHEs) is to decide whether or not to operate under natural convection.